Used in the vanadium redox flow battery,is one of the most useful application of carbon felt/graphite felt.If other materials are used in the vanadium redox flow battery,something will happen,like: the electric current density of vanadium redox flow battery is very low,only about 20mA/cm2 or even lower,but the vanadium redox flow battery with carbon felt/graphite felt can be about 80mA/cm2,and at the same time,the service life of the carbon plate used as bipolar plate is very short and it will lead to the service life of vanadium redox flow battery is very short.

　　So the vanadium battery system must use the carbon felt/graphite felt as electrode materials.

　　The electrode material which is used in the vadadium system divided into two types,one is graphite felt,and another one is carbon felt.To the graphite felt,the baking temperature is higher,and the degree of graphitization is also higher,accordingly,the graphite felt has a higher cost and price than carbon felt.

　　The felt used for electrode material in the vanadium battery mainly divided into PAN base and RAYON base,the rayon ones are more expensive than the PAN ones,but the property of vanadium battery depends on the design of the battery system.

　　Among so many carbon electrode materials ,the graphite felt holds greatest promise. The structure cross section as below:

　　PAN base graphite felt is the first choice to be used in the vanadium redox flow battery,but it still has some disadvantage such as the hydrophilic property can not meet the battery requirement,and the chemical activity can not make it ether. So the research and development of PAN carbon/graphite felt is more and more important.

　　High pure graphite is widely used in casting, metallurgy, mold and other industries, high precision CNC machining equipment for production of horizontal continuous casting with high purity, high strength, high density graphite crystallizer and the electronics industry with a graphite mold; metallurgical industry graphite mold and other various shapes, various uses ink stone processing of finished parts to realize, the needs of machining precision and roughness of graphite.

　　High purity graphite material has outstanding features.

　　1. Thermal stability: the reliability of the product quality is guaranteed by the special design of the conditions for the rapid quenching of the graphite crucible..

　　2. Erosion resistance: matrix design fine uniform delay crucible erosion degree. Impact resistance: graphite crucible can withstand the high thermal shock intensity, so any process can be assured to.

　　3. acid resistance: the addition of special materials significantly improve the quality of the crucible, in the acid resistance of the outstanding indicators, and greatly extended the life of the graphite crucible.

　　4. high thermal conductivity: high content of fixed carbon ensure good thermal conductivity, shorten dissolution time, and significantly reduce the energy consumption.

　　5. metal pollution control: the strict control of the material composition, guarantee the dissolution of the graphite crucible no pollution to the metal.

　　6. the quality stability: the production technology and the quality guarantee system of the high pressure forming process guarantee the stability of the quality.

      Graphite packing rings, also called graphite die-formed ring,is made of flexible graphite sheet.

　　It can be made of pure graphite sheet or reinforced graphite sheet with stainless steel wire,wire mesh,nickel wire,nickel wire mesh etc.Then be compressed in precise tools to the required density.it has square section and also has V-shaped and wedge-shaped section,the rear two kinds style are suitable for high pressure sealing.

　　They are stable and reliable even if under awful working circumstances.and they are usually used with reinforced expanded graphite rings forming a complete set.

　　The graphite packing can be use as packing sealing for valves,pumps and reaction vessels.

　　The standard specification below:

　　Different properties depends on the different reinforced materials.

　　Another product is also called graphite packing ring,but it’s made of graphite packing,and made through various braided graphite packings,the technical data is the same to graphite packings.The reinforced material is also same to the graphite packing.It is widely used in steam valves of powder station,static sealing,high pressure and chemical corrosion,used in the industry such as petroleum equip,power station,chemical industry steelmill etc.

Graphite electrodes material are characterized by superior compact structure, good electrical and thermal conductivity, high resistance to oxidation and corrosion in high temperature. The regular power graphite electrodes graphite electrodes for heavy industrial arc furnaces, steel mills, foundries, and other applications.

　　There are a lot of selection criteria for graphite electrode material, but the main selection criteria are four.

　　1.Average particle diameter of graphite electrode materials

　　Average particle diameter of graphite electrode materials Direct influence on the discharge of materials。The smaller the average particle size of the graphite electrode material, the more uniform the discharge of the material, the more stable the discharge, the better the quality of the surface.。For the surface machining accuracy of the casting die casting die, recommend the use of coarse particles of material， For the higher accuracy of the processing of the electronic mold, recommended the use of smaller particles of the material, in order to ensure the accuracy of the processing mold, surface finish。The smaller the average particle size, the smaller the loss of the material in the process.。

　　2.Flexural strength of graphite electrode materials

　　The flexural strength of the graphite electrode material is the direct embodiment of the material strength. Show close degree of internal structure

　　3.Shore hardness of graphite electrode materials

　　In the subconscious of the general people, graphite is considered to be a kind of strength of the material, but in the actual measurement data and application show that the strength of graphite, higher than the metal material。

　　4.Intrinsic resistivity of graphite electrode materials

　　If the average particle size of the graphite electrode material is the same, the resistivity of the electrode material is slower than the resistivity of the material. For the same average particle size of the electrode material, the resistivity of the material, its strength and hardness will be corresponding to the resistivity of the graphite electrode material. Discharge speed, loss will be different, so according to the actual application of the need to choose the appropriate material is very important.

　　These four kinds of data represent the main discharge performance of the material, and directly determine the performance of the material.

　　Electrical discharge machining (EDM) with the advantages of graphite and copper electrode than graphite electrode, the proportion of graphite is 1/5 of the copper, the weight of the same volume of graphite copper relatively light for 5 times. Easy to manufacture large mould; Graphite processing speed, generally 3 ~ 5 times faster than ordinary metals, can reduce the tool wear and the electrode loss; Graphite high melting point and easy not deformation, don't have to worry about because of high processing through deformation and damage of components; Graphite in processing after the completion of the polishing processing generally don't have to. To reduce the error and shorten the production cycle. Graphite electric cremation processing speed and low dissipation factor, as long as well with reasonable processing parameters, the zero loss on the graphite electrode can be theoretical, reduce the number of repeated electrode processing.

　　Because of graphite material is copper material has the advantage, at present, many mold factory are converted into graphite processing, so as to shorten the delivery time of products to enhance competitiveness in the market. Europe's current electricity cremation processing with the ratio of graphite and copper, lo and the Chinese market is 3:7, along with the rise in copper prices and technological progress, the proportion of using graphite will continue to rise, therefore, our country of graphite used for edm great development space. During the period of "15" mold market demand is very prosperous, foreground is very good, Beijing Greatwall Co.,Ltd. will provide better products and services. In the current mould has become a bottleneck of many industry development situation, such as to better meet the needed for the development of national economic sectors, "15" during the mold output each year, about 15% of the growth, upgrading the machinery manufacturing equipment and manufacturing technology level enhancement, to precision mold development, develop in the direction of large, complex, long-life, multi-functional composite die will further development, therefore, request graphite material in "specifications on large-scale, granularity composition, ultrafine particles using on flexural capacity strengthened".

　　Reinforced graphite sheet is made of pure graphite sheet,and it could be processed to Graphite tape, Stuffing, Sealing gasket, Composite plate, Cylinder pad, etc.

　　It’s widely used as sealing elements of pipe,valve,pump,pressure vessel,heat exchanger and condenser,etc.and applied to high temperature and pressure steam,hot water,gases,heat medium,hydrocarbon,organic solvents acids alkalis(pH0-15),LPG,LNG liquefied oxgen,nitrogen and hydrogen etc.

　　The reinforced graphite sheet can be used to make reinforced graphite gaskets,the property of reinforced graphite sheet is much better than the pure graphite gasket.the specification below is the comparison:

　　As to the reinforced material,it can be SS316(0.1mm)the sprint enhance graphite composite board, SS316(0.05mm)reinforced graphite composite board, SS304(0.1mm)the sprint enhance graphite composite board, SS304(0.05mm)reinforced graphite composite board, c.s the sprint enhance graphite composite board, meshed wire reinforced graphite composite board.

　　The reinforced graphite sheet can be process to some types to make the recinforce graphite gasket.

　　1、Basic type graphite composite gasket;

　　2、Inside edge graphite composite gasket;

　　3、outside edge graphite composite gasket;

　　4、graphite composite gasket with inside and outside edge;

　　5、meshed wire reinforced graphite composite gasket.

　　Reinforced by different materials,the graphite sheet it is suitable for pipe, valve, pump, pressure container, heat exchanger, and condensate.

Graphite products and process are widely used in many different fields, such as machinery, electron, semiconductor, mono-crystal silicon metallurgy, oil, chemistry,conductive material etc.we constantly maintain our research and development in the carbon and graphite technology.We interested in supplying those materials for you.As a leading Chinese graphite manufacturer and supplier, we specialize in providing high quality graphite material, carbon carbon composites and graphite parts.The below are different types of graphite applications.

　　1.As refractory materials including refractory brick, crucible curse, continuous casting powder, casting mold, mold detergent and high temperature resistant material.

　　Magnesia carbon brick, magnesia carbon refractories is in the mid 1960s, by the United States developed; in the world within the scope of magnesia carbon brick has been widely used in steelmaking, and has become a graphite a traditional uses. Alumina carbon brick, aluminum carbon refractory material mainly used in continuous casting, steel billet from a transmission pipeline protective cover, water nozzle and oil pipe bomb.

　　Forming and refractory made of graphite crucible and related products, such as crucible, retort, plug head and nozzle, with high fire resistance, low thermal expansion, metal smelting process by metal infiltration and erosion is also stable, high temperature and good thermal shock resistance and excellent thermal conductivity, so increasing graphite disaster and related products is widely used in process for the direct melt metal.

　　2.Steelmaking

　　Graphite and other impurities can be used as the material for the steel industry carburetant. Using carburizing carbonaceous material, is very wide, including artificial graphite, petroleum coke, metallurgical coke and natural graphite. In the world of one of the main uses of steel carbon graphite or amorphous graphite.

　　3.As conductive material

　　Graphite in the electrical industry are widely used as electrode, brush, carbon, carbon nanotubes, mercury rectifier anode, graphite gaskets, telephone parts, TV picture tube coating and so on. Among them, the graphite electrode is widely used in the smelting of various alloy steels, iron alloys, graphite electrodes. The graphite used in the electrical industry is very high in granularity and grade..

　　4.For wear and lubrication materials

　　Graphite often lubricant in mechanical industry. Lubricating oil often cannot in high speed, high temperature and high pressure conditions using, and abrasive resistant graphite materials can in a 2000 DEG C temperature of 200 DEG C and at high sliding speed (100 m / s) without the lubricating oil. Many equipment for conveying corrosive medium, the widespread adoption of graphite material piston ring, sealing ring and the bearing, they are running, do not need to add lubricating oil, graphite and metal processing (Roberts, trombone) good lubricant.

　　5.As corrosion-resistant materials

　　Graphite has good chemical stability.. After special processing of graphite, corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, low permeability characteristics, widely used in the manufacturing of heat exchanger, reaction tank, condenser, burning tower, absorption tower, cooler, heater, filters, pumps, etc. equipment. The equipment is used in petrochemical industry, wet metallurgy, acid alkali production, synthetic fiber, paper and other industrial sectors, can save a lot of metal materials.

　　6. For the atomic energy industry and defense industry

　　Graphite has good neutron reduction performance, the earliest as the reducer for atomic reactors, uranium graphite reactor is currently a more application of an atomic reactor. As the power of the atomic energy reactor in the reduction material should have a high melting point, stability, corrosion resistance, graphite can meet the above requirements.

　　7. Anti - scale anti - rust material.

　　Graphite can prevent boiler fouling. The test shows that adding a certain amount of graphite powder in the water can prevent the fouling in the boiler surface.. In addition graphite coated metal chimney, roof, bridge, pipeline can be anti-corrosion and rust.

　　8. Other new uses

　　1) Flexible graphite products. Flexible graphite, also known as expanded graphite, is a new graphite product developed in the 70's.. 1971 United States successfully studied the flexible graphite seal material, solved the problem of leakage of atomic energy valve, then Germany, Japan, law also began to develop and produce. This product has special flexibility and elasticity except for the characteristic of natural graphite.. Therefore, it is an ideal sealing material, widely used in petrochemical industry, atomic energy and other industrial fields, the international market demand increased year by year.

　　2) Making half metal friction material. Since the 70 s, the clutch and auto lining have been widely used in half metallic friction materials. Semi metallic friction material is graphite and metal powder, steel fiber, clay powder made of synthetic resin bonding. These automatic liners are mainly used for high-speed equipment, such as airplanes, trucks and brake devices and clutch discs for off-road vehicles

　　With the rapid development of modern aviation technology, the research of aircraft brake friction materials is more and more important. During the instantaneous brake,almost all the kinetic energy will transform into heat energy,and emited by the braking material,the temperature of the dics will reach 1000~1500℃.

　　C/C composites is the latest aircraft friction material and their friction and wear properties are very important.Friction and wear properties of C/C composites from different techniques were studied and effects of braking speeds and pressure were also analyzed by most scholars.the optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,laser Raman micro-spectroscopy are used to examine the morphology and structure of worn surfaces.

　　Studies showed that C/C composites mainly with rough laminar pyrolytic carbon have small uniform wear debris and the most stable friction and wear properties,which can maintain at high braking speeds and pressure and the linear wear is under 2μm/plate.time,owing to the highest degrees of graphitization and thermal conductivities. And C/C composites mainly with smooth laminar pyrolytic carbon have unstable properties of friction and wear owing to lower graphitization degrees and thermal conductivities. And C/C composites impregnated only by pitch have the highest wear rates and the linear wear is up to 27.33μm/plate.time.

　　The properties of C/C composites braking dics has a relationship with the CVD and friction film,the braking speed,braking pressure etc.

　　Some new types of military aircraft and some large civil aircrafts,C/C composites could replace the powder metallurgy.

　　The C/C composites material impregnated metals like C/C+Cu,C/C+Al,which have perfect integrate capability to be used as pantograph sliders and used in the speed-upping electrical locomotive.it’s also one of the main development direction of C/C composites materials.

Graphite is an allotrope of carbon, each carbon atom in the peripheral connecting also three carbon atoms (arrangement is multiple hexagon honeycomb) by covalent bonds with the covalent molecule is formed. Since each carbon atom emits an electron, the electrons can move freely, so that the graphite belongs to the conductor.. Graphite is one of the most soft minerals, and its use involves making pencil and lubricant.. Carbon is a non-metallic element, Latin Carbonium.

　　Graphite and its products has high strength, acid resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistant, 30 DEG C and resistance to low temperature - 204 DEG C and other excellent properties, is widely application in metallurgy, chemical industry, petroleum chemical industry, high energy physics, aerospace, electronics and other aspects. The specific properties of graphite are roughly the following:

　　1. super high temperature resistance

　　Graphite melting point of 3850 + 50 DEG C, the boiling point of 42.5 DEG C, even the ultra high temperature arc ignition, weight loss is very small, coefficient of thermal expansion is also very small. The graphite strength increases with the temperature, and the graphite intensity is doubled at 2000..

　　2. graphite products have good thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance. Graphite can withstand the temperature changes without failure, when the graphite is used in normal temperature, the volume of the graphite will change little, and the graphite will not produce cracks..

　　3. graphite products have chemical stability and corrosion resistance. Graphite has good chemical stability at room temperature, without any erosion of acid, alkali and organic solvent.

　　4. graphite products environmental health, no radioactive pollution, high temperature resistance. Carbon in 2000-3300 degrees high temperature environment after at least a dozen days and nights of graphitizing process to become a graphite. Therefore, graphite in the toxic and harmful substances have been released and exhausted, at least 2000 degrees or less is very stable.

　　5. graphite products have good adsorption. Carbon has good adsorption, so carbon is often used as adsorption material for the adsorption of moisture, odor, toxic substances, etc..

　　If you need graphite or carbon products , We interested in supplying those materials for you.As a leading Chinese graphite manufacturer and supplier, we specialize in providing high quality graphite material, carbon carbon composites and graphite parts.To buy graphite and carbon products please contact us and ask our sales manager for a quote.

Low density carbon/graphite material has a good physical and chemical properties, in recent years,the study on the low density graphite material is very active.The expanded graphite block made of flexible graphite sheet,is also one kind of the low density graphite material.

　　The method to make the expanded graphite block can be simply describe as below:

　　Make the flexible graphite sheet dipped in the concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid,then,under the situation of 200℃～750℃ to make the expanded graphite block.

　　The intercalator,dipping time,shape of the flexible graphite sheet and the operating temperature all have an influence on the density and shape integrity of the expanded graphite block.

　　The density will be lower with the rise of operating temperature, but the shape of the block is harder to complete.during the experiment,we could use the flexible graphite sheet or flexible graphite plate.

　　The picture showing is the appearance of expanded graphite blocks obtained with different extemal dimensions of flexible graphite sheet.And the intercalator isconcentrated sulfuric acid. From the picture,we can tell apparently that different shape of the graphite sheet has a big influence on the shape of the expanded graphite block.

　　The shape of the expanded graphite block also has a relationship with the temperature,when the temperature are 550℃~700℃,the density of the block can change stablely,and when the temperature exceed 700℃, the fracture failure rate will sharp rise,and appear different degree of the fracture.

　　The expanded graphite block has two typical appearance,one is uniform appearance and another one is non uniform appearance.